An abdominal ultrasound is an ultrasound exam of the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and bladder. A small parts ultrasound is an ultrasound exam of the thyroid, breast or testicle. High-frequency sound waves are used to obtain imaging and can help diagnose a variety of conditions including gallstones, kidney disease, cysts versus solid masses, and to evaluate blood flow to body organs.